wiki : Apodicticity, Assertoric

wiki : Apodicticity

" Apodictic " or " apodeictic " ( Ancient Greek: "ἀποδεικτικός", " capable of demonstration " ) is an adjectival expression from Aristotelean logic that refers to propositions that are demonstrable, that are NECESSARILY or self-evidently the case or that, conversely, are impossible.[1]


 Apodicticity or apodixis is the corresponding abstract noun, referring to logical certainty.

Apodictic propositions contrast with assertoric propositions, which merely assert that something IS ( or IS NOT ) the case, and with problematic propositions, which assert only the POSSIBILITY of something being true.


 Franz Brentano writes in The True and the Evident, "judgments may be either assertoric or apodictic. Assertoric judgments are judgments which are possibly true but are unproven."


Apodictic judgments are judgments which are clearly provable and logically certain.


For instance, "Two plus two equals four" is apodictic. "Chicago is larger than Omaha" is assertoric. "A corporation could be wealthier than a country" is problematic.


In Aristotelian logic, "apodictic" is opposed to "dialectic," as scientific proof is opposed to probable reasoning.


 Kant contrasts " apodictic " with " problematic " and " assertoric " in the Critique of Pure Reason, page A70/B95.

The expression " apodictic " is also sometimes applied to a style of argumentation in which a person presents his reasoning as being categorically true, even if it is not necessarily so.


 An example of such a usage might be: "Demonstrate less apodicticity! You haven't considered several facets of the question."
References


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodicticity


--

wili : Assertoric

An assertoric proposition in Aristotelian logic merely asserts that something IS ( or IS NOT) the case,


 in contrast to problematic propositions which assert the POSSIBILITY of something being true,


 or apodeictic propositions which assert things which are NECESSARILY or self-evidently true or false.


For instance, " Chicago is larger than Omaha" is assertoric.
" A corporation could be wealthier than a country" is problematic.
"Two plus two equals four" is apodeictic.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertoric