MS5312 Business Statistics-Analysis of Variance

MS5312 Business Statistics
Analysis of Variance
Home Exercises

Question 1
A study investigated the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing. Using α = .05 and the following data (higher scores indicate higher ethical values), test for significant differences in perception among the three groups. (Assume equal population variances.
Show your calculation.)

Marketing Managers Marketing Research Advertising
6 5 6
5 5 7
4 4 6
5 4 5
6 5 6
4 4 6


Question 2
A basketball fan was trying to figure out how to pick the winners in the Big Twelve basketball tournament. One factor that he thought was important was the team's free throw percentage. To test this, he collected a sample of data from three Big Twelve teams—Kansas State, Texas, and Iowa State—to see if mean free throw percentage differed.
The numbers of data he collected from the three teams are 18, 10, and 15, respectively.
Part of the ANOVA table is shown below (assume population variances are equal).

a. Fill in all the blanks in the above ANOVA table.
b. At 95% confidence, test to see if there is a significant difference among the means


Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean
Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between
Treatments ? ? ?
3.0
Error (Within
Treatments) ? ? 6

Total ? ?


Question 3
The retailing manager of a supermarket chain wants to determine whether product location has any effect on the sale of pet toys. Three different aisle locations are considered: front, middle, and rear. A random sample of 18 stores is selected with 6 stores randomly assigned to each aisle location. The size of the display area and price of the product are constant for all stores.

At the end of a 1-month trial period, the sales volumes (in thousands of dollars) of the product in each store were as follows (you can use Excel to do this problem).
At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a significant difference in average sales among the various aisle locations?

Aisle Location
Front Middle Rear
8.6 3.2 4.6
7.2 2.4 6.0
5.4 2.0 4.0
6.2 1.4 2.8
5.0 1.8 2.2
4.0 1.6 2.8


Question 4
For fast-food restaurants, the drive-through window is an increasing source of revenue. The chain that offers the fastest service is considered most likely to attract additional customers. (J. Ordonez, “An efficiency drive: Fast-food lanes are getting even faster,” Wall Street Journal, May 18, 2000, A1, A10).

In a study of drive-through times (from menu board to departure) at fast-food chains, the average time was 150 seconds for Wendy’s, 167 seconds for McDonald’s, 169 seconds for Checkers, 171 seconds for Burger King, and 172 seconds for Long John Silver’s. Suppose the study was based on 20 customers for each fast-food chain and the following ANOVA table was developed.

At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the average drive-through times of the five chains?

Source Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares F
Among chains 4 6,536 1,634.0 12.51
Within chains 95 12,407 130.6


四、七一遊行 波瀾壯闊

倘若沒有89年 前後兩次一百萬人上街，香港人在03年的七一，也可能欠缺了那份自我想像，可以衝破全民一起上街的心理關口。但從長遠的背景來說，03七一也是承接了香港自二次大戰以後長達60年的 公民社會運動的歷史。

當被認為一直以政治冷感的經濟動物自居的香港人，不理高溫奮力擠進只為被警方數算人頭時，亦揭示了議會內的民主派在本土民主運動的關鍵時刻，起不到帶頭的作用。

這是自98年 市民將民主派重新送進議會後議會民主派的重大失職。七一大遊行竟非由議會內的民主派人士發起，而是由「七一連繫」蛻變而來的民間人權陣線（民陣）發起，也非由議會內的民主派人士鼓動，而是由香港各種民間力量，不單是傳統的社運組織及民運活躍分子，更包括資深傳媒人、律師、記者、醫生，全都出來高調鼓動，才促成超過五十萬人上街。

而且，當遊行人數遠超乎想像，當人民力量充分展現出來的時候，議會內的民主派人士並沒有以更強的姿態迫使特區政府收回廿三條立法。

無論在遊行前後，泛民從政者都沒有認真考慮過民間人士呼籲過的集體辭職策略。結果當董建華政府一意孤行要無視五十萬人上街，繼續將廿三條立法草案小修小補後提交立法會，香港自開埠以來英國人締造與留下的高度自由局面其實命懸一線。

若非自由黨突然看出順應民意的巨大政治前景而陣前倒戈，廿三條立法草案若通過的話，這六年的香港真不知變成何種局面。

從六年後的今天回望，過去六年不啻是香港公民社會的再出發：首先是部份民間人士成功打入議會，並組成新政黨，擴闊泛民主派的政治光譜；

其次，更為重要的，是出現新一代年輕的、更為充滿理想與熱情的社運分子，他們在後馬克斯主義時期卻完全不入自由主義的思想巢臼，有自己一套反殖民地主義思考，而他們作出廣為大眾注意的行動，便是06年底的反拆卸天星碼頭抗爭，與及07年夏曠日持久的反拆卸皇后碼頭抗爭；

期間更不斷聲援各區的反市建局的「市區強徵土地重建」計劃。從六年後的今天回望，這些新政黨、新青年、新網絡，與及重拾活力的一些社運機構，及許多一如既往默默耕耘的非政府組織，便構成了回歸後，尤其是03年後香港新公民社會的主要畫面。簡言之，03年七一的年輕一代經已成長。