Sartre's Existentialism and Human Emotions
The Hole
notes: p.84
"
1.The obscenity of the feminine sex is that of everything which " gapes open ". It is an appeal to being as all holes are. In herself woman appeals to a strange flesh which is to transform her into a fullness of being by penetration and dissolution.
2. Conversely, woman senses her condition as an appeal precisely because she is " in the form of a hole. "
"
http://www.openlibrary.ws/authors/jean-paul-sartre/existentialism-and-human-emotions/
Mittwoch, 13. Mai 2009
存在主義是一種人道主義
存在主義是一種人道主義
--Existentialism is a humanism
存在先于本質-- ( existence precedes essence )
Quote :
"
1. 我們的意思是：人 首先存在着，首先 碰到各種際遇，首先 活動于這世界——然後，開始 定義自己 。若依 存在主義者 看來，一個人 如果無法 予以定義，那是因為人之初，是 空無所有 。只是到了 後來，他 才成為 某種東西，他 才把自己 創造成 他所要 成為的 東西 。因此 ，就無所謂 人的本性 ，因為 没有 上帝來給予它 一個概念 。人赤裸裸地 存在着 ，他躍進 存在之後 ，他 才意欲自己 成為 什麽東西 。
2. 人 ，不外是 由自己造成 的東西 。這是存在主義的 第一個原則 。也就是 人們所説的 主觀性 ( subjectivity )，他們 用這個字來 譴責我們 。但是 我們這様説 的意思 ，還不是 指人比 一塊石頭 或者 一張桌子 更為尊嚴 ？因為 ，我們説 ，“ 人 首先 是存在着 ”，這意思 就是説，人 首先 是一種 把自己 推向將來的 存在物，并且覺識到 自己 把自己想像成未來 的存在 。 人 確實是 一種有 自覺生命 的設計，而不是 青苔，蘭花 ，或是 花椰菜 。
3. 在這個 自我設計 之先，無物存在 。即使在 睿智的上天 也没有 。人只有在 他計劃 成為 什麽時 才能獲得 存在 。只是希望，還不够 。因為“ 希望 ”或者“ 意願 ”一詞，通常是指一種在 我們 已塑造出 我們自己之後 所作的 一種自覺决定 。我們可以 希望 加入一個政黨，寫一本書，或是 結婚 —— 但是在這些 情形下，通常 所謂“ 我的意願 ”可能是一種較早的 和 較自發的 决定的 表現 。然而 ，假如 存在先于本質 是真實的話 ，人就要對 他自己負責。
4. 因此 ，存在主義 的第一個作用 是它使每一個人 主宰他自己 ，把他存在 的責任 全然放在他 自己的肩膀上 。由是，當我們 説人對他的 本質負責時，我們并不只 是説 他對他個人 負責而已，而是對 所有的人 負責。 "
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c6a7dda0100crm4.html
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/dbanach/sartreol.htm
http://www.openlibrary.ws/authors/jean-paul-sartre/existentialism-and-human-emotions/
--Existentialism is a humanism
存在先于本質-- ( existence precedes essence )
Quote :
"
1. 我們的意思是：人 首先存在着，首先 碰到各種際遇，首先 活動于這世界——然後，開始 定義自己 。若依 存在主義者 看來，一個人 如果無法 予以定義，那是因為人之初，是 空無所有 。只是到了 後來，他 才成為 某種東西，他 才把自己 創造成 他所要 成為的 東西 。因此 ，就無所謂 人的本性 ，因為 没有 上帝來給予它 一個概念 。人赤裸裸地 存在着 ，他躍進 存在之後 ，他 才意欲自己 成為 什麽東西 。
2. 人 ，不外是 由自己造成 的東西 。這是存在主義的 第一個原則 。也就是 人們所説的 主觀性 ( subjectivity )，他們 用這個字來 譴責我們 。但是 我們這様説 的意思 ，還不是 指人比 一塊石頭 或者 一張桌子 更為尊嚴 ？因為 ，我們説 ，“ 人 首先 是存在着 ”，這意思 就是説，人 首先 是一種 把自己 推向將來的 存在物，并且覺識到 自己 把自己想像成未來 的存在 。 人 確實是 一種有 自覺生命 的設計，而不是 青苔，蘭花 ，或是 花椰菜 。
3. 在這個 自我設計 之先，無物存在 。即使在 睿智的上天 也没有 。人只有在 他計劃 成為 什麽時 才能獲得 存在 。只是希望，還不够 。因為“ 希望 ”或者“ 意願 ”一詞，通常是指一種在 我們 已塑造出 我們自己之後 所作的 一種自覺决定 。我們可以 希望 加入一個政黨，寫一本書，或是 結婚 —— 但是在這些 情形下，通常 所謂“ 我的意願 ”可能是一種較早的 和 較自發的 决定的 表現 。然而 ，假如 存在先于本質 是真實的話 ，人就要對 他自己負責。
4. 因此 ，存在主義 的第一個作用 是它使每一個人 主宰他自己 ，把他存在 的責任 全然放在他 自己的肩膀上 。由是，當我們 説人對他的 本質負責時，我們并不只 是説 他對他個人 負責而已，而是對 所有的人 負責。 "
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c6a7dda0100crm4.html
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/dbanach/sartreol.htm
http://www.openlibrary.ws/authors/jean-paul-sartre/existentialism-and-human-emotions/
Samstag, 9. Mai 2009
Waking Life :Existentialism
Waking Life :Existentialism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS62oyIE7No&feature=related
Waking Life : Free Will
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdPNuR_x6Dk&feature=related
a) " The message of Existentialism, unlike that of many more obscure and academic philosophical movements, is about as simple as can be.
It is that every one of us, as an individual, is Responsible —- Responsible for what we do, Responsible for who we are, Responsible for the way we face and deal with the world, Responsible, ultimately, for the way the world is.
b) " It is, in a very short phrase, the philosophy of 'No EXCUSES!' "
—Prof. Robert Solomon (the professor from Texas talking in this video)
Robert Solomon:
1 The reason why I refuse to take existentialism as just another French fashion or historical curiosity is that I think it has something very important to offer us for the new century.
2. I’m afraid we’re losing the real virtues of living life passionately, sense of taking responsibility for who you are, the ability to make something of yourself and feeling good about life.
3. Existentialism is often discussed as if it’s a philosophy of despair. But I think the truth is just the opposite. Sartre once interviewed said he never really felt a day of despair in his life. But one thing that comes out from reading these guys is not a sense of anguish about life so much as a real kind of exuberance of feeling on top of it. It’s like your life is yours to create.
4. I’ve read the postmodernists with some interest, even admiration. But when I read them, I always have this awful nagging feeling that something absolutely essential is getting left out. The more that you talk about a person as a social
construction or as a confluence of forces or as fragmented or marginalized, what you do is you open up a whole new world of excuses.
5. And when Sartre talks about responsibility, he’s not talking about something abstract. He’s not talking about the kind of self or soul that theologians would argue about. It’s something very concrete. It’s you and me talking. Making decisions. Doing things and taking the consequences.
6. It might be true that there are six billion people in the world and counting. Nevertheless, what you do makes a difference. It makes a difference, first of all, in material terms. Makes a difference to other people and it sets an example.
7. In short, I think the message here is that we should never simply write ourselves off and see ourselves as the victim of various forces. It’s always our decision who we are.
You can google "The Teaching Company" to find a couple of Professor Solomon's lectures, including " No Excuses : Existentialism and the Meaning of Life."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS62oyIE7No&feature=related
Waking Life : Free Will
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdPNuR_x6Dk&feature=related
a) " The message of Existentialism, unlike that of many more obscure and academic philosophical movements, is about as simple as can be.
It is that every one of us, as an individual, is Responsible —- Responsible for what we do, Responsible for who we are, Responsible for the way we face and deal with the world, Responsible, ultimately, for the way the world is.
b) " It is, in a very short phrase, the philosophy of 'No EXCUSES!' "
—Prof. Robert Solomon (the professor from Texas talking in this video)
Robert Solomon:
1 The reason why I refuse to take existentialism as just another French fashion or historical curiosity is that I think it has something very important to offer us for the new century.
2. I’m afraid we’re losing the real virtues of living life passionately, sense of taking responsibility for who you are, the ability to make something of yourself and feeling good about life.
3. Existentialism is often discussed as if it’s a philosophy of despair. But I think the truth is just the opposite. Sartre once interviewed said he never really felt a day of despair in his life. But one thing that comes out from reading these guys is not a sense of anguish about life so much as a real kind of exuberance of feeling on top of it. It’s like your life is yours to create.
4. I’ve read the postmodernists with some interest, even admiration. But when I read them, I always have this awful nagging feeling that something absolutely essential is getting left out. The more that you talk about a person as a social
construction or as a confluence of forces or as fragmented or marginalized, what you do is you open up a whole new world of excuses.
5. And when Sartre talks about responsibility, he’s not talking about something abstract. He’s not talking about the kind of self or soul that theologians would argue about. It’s something very concrete. It’s you and me talking. Making decisions. Doing things and taking the consequences.
6. It might be true that there are six billion people in the world and counting. Nevertheless, what you do makes a difference. It makes a difference, first of all, in material terms. Makes a difference to other people and it sets an example.
7. In short, I think the message here is that we should never simply write ourselves off and see ourselves as the victim of various forces. It’s always our decision who we are.
You can google "The Teaching Company" to find a couple of Professor Solomon's lectures, including " No Excuses : Existentialism and the Meaning of Life."
Freitag, 8. Mai 2009
The Little Philosophy Book(3)
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》
by Robert C. Solomon
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》這本書 簡明扼要地 討論了一些哲學上 最重要 而基本的 問題 ：
notes : page 99
1 ...We want to do something with our lives. We should miss our friends. We'd like to get married someday ", the response is that that is exactly what you will do, and you will have all of the relevant experiences, the joys, the frustrations, the hard work, and the rest of it.
2. But they are still unsettled because they want to REALLY do something with their lives and REALLY spend time with their friends and REALLY meet someone and get married.
3. That seems to show that most of us insist on REALLY living in the world, as fraught with ( 伴隨...的 ) uncertainty and dangers as that might be.
by Robert C. Solomon
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》這本書 簡明扼要地 討論了一些哲學上 最重要 而基本的 問題 ：
notes : page 99
1 ...We want to do something with our lives. We should miss our friends. We'd like to get married someday ", the response is that that is exactly what you will do, and you will have all of the relevant experiences, the joys, the frustrations, the hard work, and the rest of it.
2. But they are still unsettled because they want to REALLY do something with their lives and REALLY spend time with their friends and REALLY meet someone and get married.
3. That seems to show that most of us insist on REALLY living in the world, as fraught with ( 伴隨...的 ) uncertainty and dangers as that might be.
The Little Philosophy Book(2)
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》
by Robert C. Solomon
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》這本書 簡明扼要地 討論了一些哲學上 最重要 而基本的 問題 ：
notes: p.100
1. As you go through life and more from course to course, career to career, you will no doubt learn many things and be able to give the "correct" answers to a great many questions, but there will also be those questions which you will immediately recognise as philosophical:
a) Who am I really?
b) What do I really know?
c) How can I make myself more free?
d) How should I live?
e) What should I value?
2. And now you know: ultimately, you are on your OWN, and you have to make your OWN LIFE by answering these questions in your OWN WAY. That is philosophy.
by Robert C. Solomon
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》這本書 簡明扼要地 討論了一些哲學上 最重要 而基本的 問題 ：
notes: p.100
1. As you go through life and more from course to course, career to career, you will no doubt learn many things and be able to give the "correct" answers to a great many questions, but there will also be those questions which you will immediately recognise as philosophical:
a) Who am I really?
b) What do I really know?
c) How can I make myself more free?
d) How should I live?
e) What should I value?
2. And now you know: ultimately, you are on your OWN, and you have to make your OWN LIFE by answering these questions in your OWN WAY. That is philosophy.
Donnerstag, 7. Mai 2009
The Little Philosophy Book
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》-- 探討哲學上 最基本而重要的問題
by Robert C. Solomon
探討哲學上 最基本而重要的問題
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》這本書 簡明扼要地 討論了一些哲學上 最重要 而基本的 問題 ：
「 我們 到底是誰 ？」、
「 為什麼 我在這裡 ？」、
「 我們應怎樣 生活在這世界上 ？」
Quote page 99: "
1. A happy and meaningful life, in others words, cannot be just a life internally enjoyed. We want to be part of the world as well.
2. We also realize that we have a limited time, and that makes it all the more urgent that we do something worthwhile with what we 've got.
3. So we gives our lives meaning by the choices we make, by the relationships we form, and by the difference we make. That, in a nutshell, is what happiness is all about.
4. No just a life of pleasure but a life of doing something meaningful and worthwhile, and, as a virtuous person, enjoying it all as well. "
by Robert C. Solomon
探討哲學上 最基本而重要的問題
《 The Little Philosophy Book 》這本書 簡明扼要地 討論了一些哲學上 最重要 而基本的 問題 ：
「 我們 到底是誰 ？」、
「 為什麼 我在這裡 ？」、
「 我們應怎樣 生活在這世界上 ？」
Quote page 99: "
1. A happy and meaningful life, in others words, cannot be just a life internally enjoyed. We want to be part of the world as well.
2. We also realize that we have a limited time, and that makes it all the more urgent that we do something worthwhile with what we 've got.
3. So we gives our lives meaning by the choices we make, by the relationships we form, and by the difference we make. That, in a nutshell, is what happiness is all about.
4. No just a life of pleasure but a life of doing something meaningful and worthwhile, and, as a virtuous person, enjoying it all as well. "
刺猬 vs 狐狸
刺猬 vs 狐狸
The hedgehog and the fox
“ 狐狸 多才多藝 ，刺猬 只會一件看家本領 。”
"The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows ONE BIG thing".
Berlin expands upon this idea to divide writers and thinkers into two categories:
hedgehogs, who view the world through the lens of a single defining idea (examples given include Plato, Lucretius, Dante, Pascal, Hegel, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Ibsen, and Proust) and
foxes who draw on a wide variety of experiences and for whom the world cannot be boiled down to a single idea (examples given include Herodotus, Aristotle, Erasmus, Shakespeare, Montaigne, Molière, Goethe, Pushkin, Balzac, Joyce, Anderson).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hedgehog_and_the_Fox
The hedgehog and the fox
“ 狐狸 多才多藝 ，刺猬 只會一件看家本領 。”
"The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows ONE BIG thing".
Berlin expands upon this idea to divide writers and thinkers into two categories:
hedgehogs, who view the world through the lens of a single defining idea (examples given include Plato, Lucretius, Dante, Pascal, Hegel, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Ibsen, and Proust) and
foxes who draw on a wide variety of experiences and for whom the world cannot be boiled down to a single idea (examples given include Herodotus, Aristotle, Erasmus, Shakespeare, Montaigne, Molière, Goethe, Pushkin, Balzac, Joyce, Anderson).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hedgehog_and_the_Fox
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